SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the Betacoronavirus genus that also includes SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV coronaviruses that caused 2003 and 2012 outbreaks, respectively. How SARS-CoV-2 was transmitted to humans is still unknown, however, some studies suggest that the virus came from bats and was possibly passed to humans through an intermediary host.
The effect of this novel coronavirus on the human body is not well-understood, but SARS-CoV-2 is known to target the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the surface of the cells that subsequently triggers the import of the viral particles. Upon successful invasion, the virus hijacks the cell maintenance machinery and produces more copies of itself. When the newly created SARS-CoV-2 particles are released, they are free to infect neighboring cells throughout the body. ACE2 presented on the surface of lung alveolar cells is the primary target, however, the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on other organs, such as intestine, heart, brain, and kidneys, is still under investigation.
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